DEFINITION
A newborn baby is larger than the age of pregnancy is said
to be Big for gestational age (BGA).
CAUSE
The main cause of the huge baby is diabetes suffered by his
mother. The worse the mother's blood sugar control during pregnancy, the
greater the size of the baby to be born.
Women who are obese or have a history of large babies before
giving birth are also at risk for having a baby is great. Some newborns were
large for gestational age are caused by genetic factors.
SYMPTOMS
The symptoms appear depending on the complications that
occur. Some of the complications that often occur:
·
The number of red blood cells is excessive.
Babies can appear reddish. In addition, because many blood cells are broken,
then formed bilirubin in large quantities, which resulted in jaundice (yellow).
·
Low blood sugar levels. In newborn infants of
mothers with diabetes, occurs stoppage of supply of glucose from the placenta
of a sudden when the baby is born, so the baby's blood sugar levels become low.
·
Barriers lung development in babies with mothers
who have diabetes.
·
Increased risk of birth injuries, such as nerve
strain in the shoulder and broken collarbone. Vaginal delivery may be difficult
to do because of the size of the fetal head that is large compared to the size
of the mother's pelvis. Therefore, the fetus may need to be born by Caesarean.
Infants of mothers who had diabetes also had the incidence
of birth defects is higher than other newborns. Newborns are large for
gestational age born to mothers with diabetes tend to be overweight when
childhood and adulthood. In addition, there is a genetic predisposition that
makes them at risk for developing diabetes.
DIAGNOSIS
Diagnosis is based on symptoms exist and physical
examination, in which the baby's weight exceeds the average weight loss of 90%
of babies born with the same gestational age.
TREATMENT
Handling is primarily intended to address the complications
that exist:
·
To cope with low blood sugar levels in newborns,
can be given glucose through a vein or given by mouth.
·
Infants with respiratory distress syndrome
requiring supplemental oxygen administration, for example through an oxygen
tube in the nose or supplied with breathing aids, such as a ventilator.
·
Babies who have jaundice may be given
phototherapy.
PREVENTION
One way that can be done to prevent newborns large for
gestational age is to keep blood sugar levels remain well in pregnant women
with diabetes. In addition, regular maintenance needs to be performed during
pregnancy and monitor maternal weight gain during pregnancy.
REFERENCE
- K, Arthur E. Large for Gestational Age. Merck Manual Home
Health Handbook. 2009.
- V, Linda J. lagre for Gestational Age. Medline Plus. 2011.
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